Definition and Mechanism
- Aka Femoroacetabular impingement
- There are early contact between femur head and hip socket during movement causing injury to the labrum – a fibrocartilage on the surface of hip socket (Acetabulum)
Type of hip impingement
a. Type 1: Cam Impingement
- Impingement due to flattening or bulging of the femoral head
b. Type 2: Pincer Impingement
- Impingement due to over coverage of the hip socket
c. Type 3: Combined Impingement
- Present of over-coverage of hip socket and flattening/bulging of femoral head
High Risk Population:
- Athlete with a lot of hip twisting movement – Hockey, basketball and football player.
- Malunion of hip femoral fracture
- Childhood disease that altered femoral head structure (Eg. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legge-Calve-Perthes disease
Sign and Symptoms
- Hip / Groin pain during certain movement or position
- Restricted hip movement
- Clicking and/or catching during hip movement
In Home exercise:
For hip impingement syndrome individuals, flexibility and strengthening exercise is very important in the rehabilitation process. Flexibility exercise including stretching exercise on the muscles around the hip joint to reduce the tension over the joint. While strengthening exercise on the hip joint muscles are able to improve the stability of the joint. Below are some recommended exercises for hip impingement syndrome.
1. Hip Flexor Stretch
- Get the injured knee on the floor and another uninjured foot flat on the floor
- Make sure your body maintain upright straight
Gently bend your uninjured knee forward and you will feel the stretch over injured upper front thigh area - Hold for 30s, perform 3 times
2. Groin Stretch (Adductor stretch)
- Sit on the floor with back straight and foot contact with each other.
- Press both of your knee down with the hand and you will feel the stretch at your inner thigh.
- Hold the position for 30s, perform 3 time.
3. Clamshell Exercise
- Side lying on a flat surface with knee bend 45 degree, head is supported with the arm.
- Keep the feet together, lift the top leg as much as possible
- When reached the highest point, hold it for 3 seconds before putting it down back
- Perform 20 times each side.
4. Bird Dog Exercise
- Find a flat and comfortable surface and get on your hands and knees.
- Engage your core muscles and make sure your breathing is normal.
- Lift up your left arm and right leg forming a straight line and hold for 10s.
- Switch your arm and leg alternatively and hold for 10s.
- Perform for 10 times.
References:
- Hip impingement. Hip Impingement | Boston Children’s Hospital. (n.d.). https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hip-impingement
- Femoroacetabular impingement – orthoinfo – aaos. OrthoInfo. (n.d.). https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/femoroacetabular-impingement/
- Femoroacetabular impingement. Physiopedia. (n.d.). https://www.physio-pedia.com/Femoroacetabular_Impingement
- Admin, S. (2023, April 3). Clam Shells Exercise | Physical Therapy | Spear NYC. Spear Physical Therapy NYC. https://spearcenter.com/backtolife-exercise-side-lying-clam-shells/
- Debutify. (2023, December 2). 7 Best hip impingement exercises and movements to avoid. Back Muscle Solutions. https://backmusclesolutions.com/blogs/the-ql-blawg/hip-impingement-exercises
Prepared by:
Ku Gim Hock
Your Physio Kota Kemuning