Lateral epicondylitis, more commonly known as tennis elbow, is a condition characterized by pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow. Despite its name, it doesn’t only affect tennis players; it can impact anyone who engages in repetitive arm and wrist activities. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and management options for lateral epicondylitis.
Causes of Tennis Elbow
The primary cause of lateral epicondylitis is the overuse or strain of the forearm muscles, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle. Repetitive motions, such as those involved in tennis, painting, typing, or carpentry, can lead to small tears in the tendons that attach these muscles to the lateral epicondyle, a bony prominence on the outer elbow.
Symptoms of Tennis Elbow
The hallmark symptom of lateral epicondylitis is pain radiating from the outer elbow into the forearm and wrist. This pain may worsen with activities involving wrist extension, such as lifting, gripping, or twisting movements. Patients often report a gradual onset of discomfort, which can escalate to significant pain and weakness over time. Swelling and a burning sensation on the outer elbow are also common complaints.
Diagnosis for Tennis Elbow
Diagnosing lateral epicondylitis involves a thorough physical examination and medical history assessment. Physicians may perform specific tests such as the Cozen’s test or the Mill’s test to elicit pain and confirm the diagnosis. Imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs are usually reserved for cases where other conditions, such as arthritis or nerve compression, need to be ruled out.
Management and Treatment
The management of lateral epicondylitis typically begins with conservative measures aimed at reducing pain and inflammation. Key strategies include:
1. Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms is crucial. Patients are often advised to rest the affected arm and modify techniques or tools that contribute to the condition.
2. Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to the elbow can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
3. Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises for the forearm muscles can improve flexibility and reduce strain on the tendon. A physical therapist may also employ techniques like ultrasound or manual therapy.
4. Bracing: A counterforce brace or a forearm strap can offload stress from the tendon, providing relief during activities.
5. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
6. Injections: Corticosteroid injections can offer temporary relief for severe cases, though they are not typically recommended for long-term management due to potential side effects.
7. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT): This non-invasive treatment uses shock waves to promote healing in the affected area.
8. Surgery: In cases where conservative treatments fail after a prolonged period, surgical intervention may be considered to remove degenerated tissue and promote healing.
Prevention
Preventing lateral epicondylitis involves addressing risk factors and adopting ergonomic practices. This includes using proper techniques in sports and occupational tasks, taking frequent breaks, and strengthening the forearm muscles to better support the elbow joint.
Lateral epicondylitis is a common yet manageable condition that can significantly impact daily activities. Early intervention and a combination of conservative treatment approaches typically lead to a favorable outcome.
Individuals experiencing persistent elbow pain should consult a healthcare professional to develop an appropriate management plan tailored to their specific needs.
Prepared by:
Sharon Ho Mei Yee
Your Physio Johor Bahru